000			02300ahm a22001811a 4500
999			_c3938 _d3938
050			_aH62 _b.W38
100			_aEugene J Webb
245			_aUnobtrusive measures; nonreactive research in the social sciences _cEugene J Webb
260			_aChicago, _bRand McNally _c1966
300			_axii, 225 pages _c22 cm.
440			_a Rand McNally sociology series.
500			_a
505			_a 1. Approximations to Knowledge 1 -- Operationism and Multiple Operations 3 -- Interpretable Comparisons and Plausible Rival Hypotheses 5 -- Internal and External Validity 10 -- Sources of Invalidity of Measures 12 -- An Interlude: The Measurement of Outcroppings 26 -- The Access to Content 28 -- Operating Ease and Validity Checks 31 -- 2. Physical Traces: Erosion and Accretion 35 -- Natural Erosion Measures 37 -- Natural Accretion Measures 39 -- Controlled Erosion Measures 43 -- Controlled Accretion Measures 44 -- Transforming the Data: Corrections and Index Numbers 46 -- An Over-All Evaluation of Physical Evidence Data 49 -- 3. Archives I: The Running Record 53 -- Actuarial Records 57 -- Political and Judicial Records 65 -- Other Government Records 72 -- The Mass Media 75 -- Data Transformations and Indices of the Running Record 81 -- Over-All Evaluation of Running Records 83 -- 4. Archives II: The Episodic and Private Record 89 -- Sales Records 91 -- Industrial and Institutional Records 99 -- Written Documents 105 -- 5. Simple Observation 113 -- Exterior Physical Signs 116 -- Expressive Movement 120 -- Physical Location 124 -- Observation of Language Behavior: Conversation Sampling 128 -- Time Duration 134 -- Time Sampling and Observation 136 -- Over-All Comments on Simple Observation 138 -- 6. Contrived Observation: Hidden Hardware and Control 143 -- Hardware: Avoiding Human Instrument Error 143 -- Hardware: Physical Supplanting of the Observer 150 -- The Intervening Observer 156 -- Entrapment 164 -- Petitions and Volunteering 166 -- An Over-All Appraisal of Hidden Hardware and Control 169 -- 7. A Final Note 173 -- 8. A Statistician on Method 185 -- 9. Cardinal Newman's Epitaph 187.
650			_a Social sciences -- Research.
650			_a Sciences sociales -- Recherche.
650			_a Observatiemethoden.
942			_cBK