TY  - GEN
AU  - Eugene J Webb
TI  - Unobtrusive measures; nonreactive research in the social sciences
AV  - H62 .W38
PY  - 1966///
CY  - Chicago, 
PB  - Rand McNally
KW  -  Social sciences -- Research.
KW  -  Sciences sociales -- Recherche.
KW  -  Observatiemethoden.
N1  - 
	;  	1. Approximations to Knowledge 1 --
Operationism and Multiple Operations 3 --
Interpretable Comparisons and Plausible Rival Hypotheses 5 --
Internal and External Validity 10 --
Sources of Invalidity of Measures 12 --
An Interlude: The Measurement of Outcroppings 26 --
The Access to Content 28 --
Operating Ease and Validity Checks 31 --
2. Physical Traces: Erosion and Accretion 35 --
Natural Erosion Measures 37 --
Natural Accretion Measures 39 --
Controlled Erosion Measures 43 --
Controlled Accretion Measures 44 --
Transforming the Data: Corrections and Index Numbers 46 --
An Over-All Evaluation of Physical Evidence Data 49 --
3. Archives I: The Running Record 53 --
Actuarial Records 57 --
Political and Judicial Records 65 --
Other Government Records 72 --
The Mass Media 75 --
Data Transformations and Indices of the Running Record 81 --
Over-All Evaluation of Running Records 83 --
4. Archives II: The Episodic and Private Record 89 --
Sales Records 91 --
Industrial and Institutional Records 99 --
Written Documents 105 --
5. Simple Observation 113 --
Exterior Physical Signs 116 --
Expressive Movement 120 --
Physical Location 124 --
Observation of Language Behavior: Conversation Sampling 128 --
Time Duration 134 --
Time Sampling and Observation 136 --
Over-All Comments on Simple Observation 138 --
6. Contrived Observation: Hidden Hardware and Control 143 --
Hardware: Avoiding Human Instrument Error 143 --
Hardware: Physical Supplanting of the Observer 150 --
The Intervening Observer 156 --
Entrapment 164 --
Petitions and Volunteering 166 --
An Over-All Appraisal of Hidden Hardware and Control 169 --
7. A Final Note 173 --
8. A Statistician on Method 185 --
9. Cardinal Newman's Epitaph 187
ER  -