Preface xviChapter 1 Defining Public Administration KEYNOTE: Go Tell the Spartans The Definitions of Public Administration Political Definitions of Public Administration Legal Definitions of Public Administration Managerial Definitions of Public Administration Occupational Definitions of Public Administration The Evolution of Public Administration The Core Content The Cycles of Administrative Reform It's an Adventure! A CASE STUDY: How a President Undeservedly Received Credit for Founding a Discipline Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 2 The Political and Cultural Environment of Public Policy and Its Administration KEYNOTE: Who Decides If the United States Should Wage War? What Is Public Policy? Public Policymaking in a Republic Executive Powers The Policymaking Process Agenda Setting Decision Making A Single Calculating Decision Maker-Not! Implementation Evaluation Feedback Power-The External Perspective Pluralism Group Theory Power-The Internal Perspective Organizational Goals Internal Power Relationships The Cultures of Public Organizations The Outside Cultural Environment The Inside Cultural Environment Professional Socialization Symbolic Management A CASE STUDY: Were the Space Shuttle Astronauts Killed by Fog? Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 3 The Continuous Reinventing of the Machinery of Government KEYNOTE: The New Feudalism What Is the Machinery of Government? Fine-Tuning the Machinery The Rise and Fall of Governmental Machinery The Administrative Architecture of the U.S. Government Executive Branch Machinery State and Local Government Machinery State Government County Government Municipal Government Towns and Special Districts Local Management Machinery Metropolitan Government Continuous State and Local Reform Reforming the National Machinery of Government The Brownlow Committee The Hoover Commissions The Ash Council The President's Private Sector Survey on Cost Control Reinventing Government The Gore Report The End of Reinvention The Micromanagers The Pressure for Privatization Strategies for Privatization Privatization in the MilitaryThe Nonprofit Gambit Voluntarism and Philanthropy A CASE STUDY: The Revolution in the British Machinery of Government 1979-2001 Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 4 Intergovernmental Relations KEYNOTE: The Age of Devolution The Evolution of Federal Systems Alliances and Confederations Defining Intergovernmental Relations The Fundamental Settlement The Constitution The European Union The American Federal System Three Categories of Governments The Structure of Intergovernmental Relations The Effects of Pluralism The Marble-Cake Metaphor Dynamic Federalism Dual Federalism Cooperative Federalism Creative Federalism New Federalism New New Federalism Intergovernmental Management Picket Fence Federalism Councils of Government and Intergovernmental Relations Mandate Mania Mandates and the War on Terrorism The Transformation of GovernanceFiscal Federalism-Following the Money The Theory of Fiscal Federalism Grant Programs From Contractive to Coercive FederalismThe Devolution Revolution The Public Choice Solution The Race to the Bottom TWO CASE STUDIES: How Intergovernmental Management Became Intergovernmental Chaos: The Cases of United Flight 93 and Hurricane KatrinaSummary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 5 Honor, Ethics, and Accountability KEYNOTE: Niccolo Machiavelli, the Preeminent Public Administration Ethicist The Origins and Nature of Honor National Honor Why Honor Precedes Ethics Dimensions of Honor Regime Values Corruption in Government Bribery Watergate Lying for Your Country The Dirty Hands Dilemma Lying About Sex Hierarchy of Ethics The Four Levels of Ethics The Iran-Contra Affair The Higher Law Defense Codes of Honor, Conduct, and Ethics The New Face of Dueling Honorable Behavior Was "Deep Throat's" Behavior Honorable The Common Law Standards of Conduct The Challenge of Accountability Constitutional and Legal Constraints Obsessive Accountability Avoiding Accountability Legislative Oversight Hearings Casework A CASE STUDY: The Blood on Robert McNamara's Hands-and Conscience Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 6 The Evolution of Management and Organization Theory KEYNOTE: Moses Meets the First Management Consultant The Origins of Public Management The Continuing Influence of Ancient Rome The Military Heritage of Public Administration The Evolution of Management Principles Comparing Military and Civilian Principles The Principles Approach What Is Organization Theory? Classical Organization Theory Adam Smith and the Pin Factory The Origins of Scientific Management The Influence of Frederick W. Taylor Fayol's General Theory of Management The Period of Orthodoxy Paul Appleby's Polemic Luther Gulick's POSDCORB The Many Meanings of Bureaucracy All Government Offices All Public Officials A General Invective Max Weber's Structural Arrangements Neoclassical Organization Theory Herbert A. Simon's Influence The Impact of Sociology "Modern" Structural Organization Theory Basic Assumptions Mechanistic and Organic Systems Systems Theory Cybernetics The Learning Organization Complex Adaptive Systems A CASE STUDY: The Critical Importance of Administrative Doctrine Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 7 Organizational Behavior KEYNOTE: Organization Development in Hollywood: From The Sands of Iwo Jima to G.I. Jane Organizational Behavior Group Dynamics Organization Development The Impact of Personality The Impact of Bureaucratic Structure on Behavior Bureaucratic Dysfunctions Bureaucratic Impersonality Bureaucrat Bashing The Case for Bureaucracy Motivation The Hawthorne Experiments The Needs Hierarchy The Motivation-Hygiene Theory Toward a Democratic Environment Theory X and Theory Y The Future of Organizations Postbureaucratic Organizations Postmodernism The Problem of Technocracy The Core Themes of Postmodernism Postmodern Public Administration A Feminist Perspective A CASE STUDY: The Dangers of Groupthink: Pearl Harbor to the War in IraqSummary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 8 Managerialism and Performance Management KEYNOTE: Socrates Discovers Universal Management Managerialism A New Managerial Revolution Policy Entrepreneurs Reengineering Radical as Opposed to Incremental Change Becoming a Reengineer Empowerment Empowering Teams Entrepreneurialism Toward a Competitive Public Administration The New Public Management What Is Performance Management? The Politics of Performance Management Management Control Productivity Improvement Productivity Measurement Barriers to Productivity Improvement Total Quality Management It's the Customer, Stupid! A CASE STUDY: From E-commerce to E-government Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 9 Strategic Management in the Public Sector KEYNOTE: When Short-Term Leaders Do Long-Term Planning What Is Strategic Management? Objectives The Planning Horizon Capabilities Environment Four Strategic Factors The Public-Private Paradox The Importance of Being Close to the Center Organizational Language and Culture Organizational Place Strategic Management Tools Best Practices Benchmarking Management Scorecards A CASE STUDY: How Military Staffs Became the First Strategic Think Tanks Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 10 Leadership KEYNOTE: The Hedgehog, and Fox or Henry V Leading for Performance Defining Leadership Leadership and Management Trait Theories Transactional Approaches Contingency Approaches Transformational Leadership The Importance of Optimism Too Much Leadership Micromanagement Overmanagement Moral Leadership The Bully Pulpit Rhetorical Leadership A CASE STUDY: Transforming the Postal Service Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 11 Personnel Management and Labor Relations KEYNOTE: The Adventures of a Young Man as a Personnel Technician The Personnel Function Recruitment Merit Selection Position Classification and Pay Performance Appraisal Training Management Development The Bittersweet Heritage of Civil Service Reform The Netherworld of Public Personnel Administration From Spoils to Merit The Pendleton Act State and Local Reform The Rise and Fall of the Civil Service Commission The Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 Reinventing Public Personnel Administration Privatizing Public Personnel Patronage Appointments The Constitutionality of Patronage Veterans' Preference Patronage Gone BadPublic Sector Labor Relations The AFL-CIO Administrative Agencies Collective Bargaining Impasse Resolution Strikes Why Strikes Occur A CASE STUDY: The Air Traffic Controllers Strike Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 12 Social Equity KEYNOTE: Three Thousand Years of Sexual Harassment What Is Social Equity? Mandating Social Equity The New Public Administration The Challenge of Equality Racism The Bitter Heritage of Slavery From Reconstruction to Second Reconstruction An Administrative Fix for Racism Equal Employment Opportunity Origins of Affirmative Action The Case for Affirmative Action The Case Against Affirmative Action Representative Bureaucracy Reverse Discrimination Justifying Diversity The Ongoing Role of Race in Public AdministrationNonracial Discrimination Sex Discrimination Sexual Harassment Pregnancy Discrimination Gender Discrimination and Education Age Discrimination Disabilities Discrimination Sexual Orientation Discrimination A CASE STUDY: Social Equity Through Social Insurance Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 13 Public Financial Management KEYNOTE: The Budget Game The Importance of Public Financial Management Six Principles Balanced Budgets The Fiscal Year Budgeting Theory and Practice The Taft Commission The Influence of Keynes The Objectives of Budgeting The Two Types of Budgets Waves of Innovation in Budget Making The Executive Budget Line-Item Budgeting Performance Budgeting Program Budgeting Versus Incrementalism Zero-Based Budgeting Contemporary Budget Reform Integrated Budgets Multiyear Budgets Financing Public Expenditure Taxation The Ability-to-Pay Principle The Flat Tax User Charges Grants The Problem of Debt Abuse of Public Debt Municipal Bonds The Rating Agencies Bonds, Debt and Emergency RecoveryEconomic Policy Monetary Policy Fiscal Policy A CASE STUDY: Social Security Reform Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Chapter 14 Program Audit and Evaluation KEYNOTE: Captain Bligh's Program Evaluation of the Mutiny on the Bounty What Is an Audit? Multiple Applications History of Auditing The Government Accountability Office Types of Audit Compliance Audit Performance Audit Internal Audit Program Evaluation Policy Analysis Is Not Program Evaluation Legislative Program Evaluation Types of Evaluation Evaluation Standards Management Control: Evaluation in Microcosm Evaluation and the Democratic Process A CASE STUDY: Jeremy Bentham, the Philosopher of Policy Analysis and Program Evaluation Summary Review Questions Key Concepts Bibliography Recommended Books Related Web Sites Glossary Appendix: Additional Sources Index