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Basic statistics for business and economics / Douglas A. Lind, Robert D. Mason.

By: Contributor(s): Material type: TextPublication details: Chicago : Irwin, 1997.Edition: 2nd edDescription: xviii, 597 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 26 cmISBN:
  • 0256194084
  • 0256214999 (instructor's ed.)
Subject(s): LOC classification:
  • HA29 .L75
Contents:
What Is Statistics? -- Introduction -- Why Study Statistics? -- What Is Meant by Statistics? -- Types of Statistics -- Descriptive Statistics -- Inferential Statistics -- Types of Variables -- Levels of Measurement -- Nominal-Level Data -- Ordinal-Level Data -- Interval-Level Data -- Ratio-Level Data -- Exercises -- Statistics, Graphics, and Ethics -- Misleading Statistics -- Association Does Not Necessarily Imply Causation -- Graphs Can Be Misleading -- Become a Better Consumer and a Better Producer of Information -- Ethics -- Software Applications -- Chapter Outline -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Answers to Self-Review -- Describing Data: Frequency Distributions and Graphic Presentation -- Introduction -- Constructing a Frequency Distribution -- Class -- Intervals and Class Midpoints -- A Software Example -- Relative Frequency Distribution -- Exercises -- Graphic Presentation of a Frequency Distribution -- Histogram -- Frequency Polygon -- Exercises -- Cumulative Frequency Distributions -- Exercises -- Other Graphic Presentations of Data -- Line Graphs -- Bar Charts -- Pie Charts -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Describing Data: Numerical Measures -- Introduction -- The Population Mean -- The Sample Mean -- Properties of the Arithmetic Mean -- Exercises -- The Weighted Mean -- Exercises -- The Median -- The Mode -- Exercises -- Software Solution -- The Relative Positions of the Mean, Median, and Mode -- Exercises -- The Geometric Mean -- Exercises -- Why Study Dispersion? -- Measures of Dispersion -- Range -- Mean Deviation -- Exercises -- Variance and Standard Deviation -- Exercises -- Software Solution -- Exercises -- Interpretation and Uses of the Standard Deviation -- Chebyshev's Theorem -- The Empirical Rule -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Describing Data: Displaying and Exploring Data -- Introduction -- Dot Plots -- Exercises -- Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles -- Exercises -- Box Plots -- Exercises -- Skewness -- Exercises -- Describing the Relationship between Two Variables -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- A Survey of Probability ConcePart -- Introduction -- What Is a Probability? -- Approaches to Assigning Probabilities -- Classical Probability -- Empirical Probability -- Subjective Probability -- Exercises -- Some Rules for Computing Probabilities -- Rules of Addition -- Exercises -- Rules of Multiplication -- Contingency Tables -- Tree Diagrams -- Exercises -- Principles of Counting -- The Multiplication Formula -- The Permutation Formula -- The Combination Formula -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Discrete Probability Distributions -- Introduction -- What Is a Probability Distribution? -- Random Variables -- Discrete Random Variable -- Continuous Random Variable -- The Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution -- Mean -- Variance and Standard Distribution -- Exercises -- Binomial Probability Distribution -- How Is a Binomial Probability Distribution Computed -- Binomial Probability Tables -- Exercises -- Cumulative Binomial Probability Distributions -- Exercises -- Poisson Probability Distribution -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Chapter Exercises -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Continuous Probability Distributions -- Introduction -- The Family of Uniform Distributions -- Exercises -- The Family of Normal Probability Distributions -- The Standard Normal Distribution -- The Empirical Rule -- Exercises -- Finding Areas under the Normal Curve -- Exercises -- Exercises -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Chapter Exercises -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Sampling Methods and the Central Limit Theorem -- Introduction -- Sampling Methods -- Reasons to Sample -- Simple Random Sampling -- Systematic Random Sampling -- Stratified Random Sampling -- Cluster Sampling -- Exercises -- Sampling "Error" -- Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean -- Exercises -- The Central Limit Theorem -- Exercises -- Using the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Estimation and Confidence Intervals -- Introduction -- Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals -- Known (sigma) or a Large Sample -- A Computer Simulation -- Exercises -- Unknown Population Standard Deviation and a Small Sample -- Exercises -- A Confidence Interval for a Proportion -- Exercises -- Finite-Population Correction Factor -- Exercises -- Choosing an Appropriate Sample Size -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis -- Introduction -- What Is a Hypothesis? -- What Is Hypothesis Testing? -- Five-Step Procedure for Testing a Hypothesis -- State the Null Hypothesis (H(subscript 0)) and the Alternate Hypothesis (H(subscript 1)) -- Select a Level of Significance -- Select the Test Statistic -- Formulate the Decision Rule -- Make a Decision -- One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests of Significance -- Testing for a Population Mean with a Known Population Standard Deviation -- A Two-Tailed Test -- A One-Tailed Test -- P-Value in Hypothesis Testing -- Testing for a Population Mean: Large Sample, Population Standard Deviation Unknown -- Exercises -- Tests Concerning Proportions -- Exercises -- Testing for a Population Mean: Small Sample, Population Standard Deviation Unknown -- Exercises -- A Software Solution -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review. Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis -- Introduction -- Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Independent Samples -- Exercises -- Two-Sample Tests about Proportions -- Exercises -- Comparing Population Means with Small Samples -- Exercises -- Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Dependent Samples -- Comparing Dependent and Independent Samples -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Analysis of Variance -- Introduction -- The F Distribution -- Comparing Two Population Variances -- Exercises -- ANOVA Assumptions -- The ANOVA Test -- Exercises -- Inferences about Pairs of Treatment Means -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Linear Regression and Correlation -- Introduction -- What Is Correlation Analysis? -- The Coefficient of Correlation -- The Coefficient of Determination -- Correlation and Cause -- Exercises -- Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient -- Exercises -- Regression Analysis -- Least Squares Principle -- Drawing the Line of Regression -- Exercises -- The Standard Error of Estimate -- Assumptions Underlying Linear Regression -- Exercises -- Confidence and Prediction Intervals -- Exercises -- More on the Coefficient of Determination -- Exercises -- The Relationships among the Coefficient of Correlation, the Coefficient of Determination, and the Standard Error of Estimate -- Transforming Data -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis -- Introduction -- Multiple Regression Analysis -- Inferences in Multiple Linear Regression -- Exercises -- Multiple Standard Error of Estimate -- Assumptions about Multiple Regression and Correlation -- The ANOVA Table -- Exercises -- Evaluating the Regression Equation -- Using a Scatter Diagram -- Correlation Matrix -- Global Test: Testing the Multiple Regression Model -- Evaluating Individual Regression Coefficients -- Qualitative Independent Variables -- Exercises -- Analysis of Residuals -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands -- Answers to Self-Review -- Chi-Square Applications -- Introduction -- Goodness-of-Fit Test: Equal Expected Frequencies -- Exercises -- Goodness-of-Fit Test: Unequal Expected Frequencies -- Limitations of Chi-Square -- Exercises -- Contingency Table Analysis -- Exercises -- Chapter Outline -- Pronunciation Key -- Chapter Exercises -- Exercises.com -- Dataset Exercises -- Software Commands.
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Includes index.

What Is Statistics? --
Introduction --
Why Study Statistics? --
What Is Meant by Statistics? --
Types of Statistics --
Descriptive Statistics --
Inferential Statistics --
Types of Variables --
Levels of Measurement --
Nominal-Level Data --
Ordinal-Level Data --
Interval-Level Data --
Ratio-Level Data --
Exercises --
Statistics, Graphics, and Ethics --
Misleading Statistics --
Association Does Not Necessarily Imply Causation --
Graphs Can Be Misleading --
Become a Better Consumer and a Better Producer of Information --
Ethics --
Software Applications --
Chapter Outline --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Answers to Self-Review --
Describing Data: Frequency Distributions and Graphic Presentation --
Introduction --
Constructing a Frequency Distribution --
Class --
Intervals and Class Midpoints --
A Software Example --
Relative Frequency Distribution --
Exercises --
Graphic Presentation of a Frequency Distribution --
Histogram --
Frequency Polygon --
Exercises --
Cumulative Frequency Distributions --
Exercises --
Other Graphic Presentations of Data --
Line Graphs --
Bar Charts --
Pie Charts --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
Describing Data: Numerical Measures --
Introduction --
The Population Mean --
The Sample Mean --
Properties of the Arithmetic Mean --
Exercises --
The Weighted Mean --
Exercises --
The Median --
The Mode --
Exercises --
Software Solution --
The Relative Positions of the Mean, Median, and Mode --
Exercises --
The Geometric Mean --
Exercises --
Why Study Dispersion? --
Measures of Dispersion --
Range --
Mean Deviation --
Exercises --
Variance and Standard Deviation --
Exercises --
Software Solution --
Exercises --
Interpretation and Uses of the Standard Deviation --
Chebyshev's Theorem --
The Empirical Rule --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Pronunciation Key --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
Describing Data: Displaying and Exploring Data --
Introduction --
Dot Plots --
Exercises --
Quartiles, Deciles, and Percentiles --
Exercises --
Box Plots --
Exercises --
Skewness --
Exercises --
Describing the Relationship between Two Variables --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Pronunciation Key --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
A Survey of Probability ConcePart --
Introduction --
What Is a Probability? --
Approaches to Assigning Probabilities --
Classical Probability --
Empirical Probability --
Subjective Probability --
Exercises --
Some Rules for Computing Probabilities --
Rules of Addition --
Exercises --
Rules of Multiplication --
Contingency Tables --
Tree Diagrams --
Exercises --
Principles of Counting --
The Multiplication Formula --
The Permutation Formula --
The Combination Formula --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Pronunciation Key --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
Discrete Probability Distributions --
Introduction --
What Is a Probability Distribution? --
Random Variables --
Discrete Random Variable --
Continuous Random Variable --
The Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation of a Probability Distribution --
Mean --
Variance and Standard Distribution --
Exercises --
Binomial Probability Distribution --
How Is a Binomial Probability Distribution Computed --
Binomial Probability Tables --
Exercises --
Cumulative Binomial Probability Distributions --
Exercises --
Poisson Probability Distribution --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Chapter Exercises --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
Continuous Probability Distributions --
Introduction --
The Family of Uniform Distributions --
Exercises --
The Family of Normal Probability Distributions --
The Standard Normal Distribution --
The Empirical Rule --
Exercises --
Finding Areas under the Normal Curve --
Exercises --
Exercises --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Chapter Exercises --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
Sampling Methods and the Central Limit Theorem --
Introduction --
Sampling Methods --
Reasons to Sample --
Simple Random Sampling --
Systematic Random Sampling --
Stratified Random Sampling --
Cluster Sampling --
Exercises --
Sampling "Error" --
Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean --
Exercises --
The Central Limit Theorem --
Exercises --
Using the Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Pronunciation Key --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
Estimation and Confidence Intervals --
Introduction --
Point Estimates and Confidence Intervals --
Known (sigma) or a Large Sample --
A Computer Simulation --
Exercises --
Unknown Population Standard Deviation and a Small Sample --
Exercises --
A Confidence Interval for a Proportion --
Exercises --
Finite-Population Correction Factor --
Exercises --
Choosing an Appropriate Sample Size --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Pronunciation Key --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
One-Sample Tests of Hypothesis --
Introduction --
What Is a Hypothesis? --
What Is Hypothesis Testing? --
Five-Step Procedure for Testing a Hypothesis --
State the Null Hypothesis (H(subscript 0)) and the Alternate Hypothesis (H(subscript 1)) --
Select a Level of Significance --
Select the Test Statistic --
Formulate the Decision Rule --
Make a Decision --
One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests of Significance --
Testing for a Population Mean with a Known Population Standard Deviation --
A Two-Tailed Test --
A One-Tailed Test --
P-Value in Hypothesis Testing --
Testing for a Population Mean: Large Sample, Population Standard Deviation Unknown --
Exercises --
Tests Concerning Proportions --
Exercises --
Testing for a Population Mean: Small Sample, Population Standard Deviation Unknown --
Exercises --
A Software Solution --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Pronunciation Key --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review. Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis --
Introduction --
Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Independent Samples --
Exercises --
Two-Sample Tests about Proportions --
Exercises --
Comparing Population Means with Small Samples --
Exercises --
Two-Sample Tests of Hypothesis: Dependent Samples --
Comparing Dependent and Independent Samples --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Pronunciation Key --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
Analysis of Variance --
Introduction --
The F Distribution --
Comparing Two Population Variances --
Exercises --
ANOVA Assumptions --
The ANOVA Test --
Exercises --
Inferences about Pairs of Treatment Means --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Pronunciation Key --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
Linear Regression and Correlation --
Introduction --
What Is Correlation Analysis? --
The Coefficient of Correlation --
The Coefficient of Determination --
Correlation and Cause --
Exercises --
Testing the Significance of the Correlation Coefficient --
Exercises --
Regression Analysis --
Least Squares Principle --
Drawing the Line of Regression --
Exercises --
The Standard Error of Estimate --
Assumptions Underlying Linear Regression --
Exercises --
Confidence and Prediction Intervals --
Exercises --
More on the Coefficient of Determination --
Exercises --
The Relationships among the Coefficient of Correlation, the Coefficient of Determination, and the Standard Error of Estimate --
Transforming Data --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Pronunciation Key --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
Multiple Regression and Correlation Analysis --
Introduction --
Multiple Regression Analysis --
Inferences in Multiple Linear Regression --
Exercises --
Multiple Standard Error of Estimate --
Assumptions about Multiple Regression and Correlation --
The ANOVA Table --
Exercises --
Evaluating the Regression Equation --
Using a Scatter Diagram --
Correlation Matrix --
Global Test: Testing the Multiple Regression Model --
Evaluating Individual Regression Coefficients --
Qualitative Independent Variables --
Exercises --
Analysis of Residuals --
Chapter Outline --
Pronunciation Key --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands --
Answers to Self-Review --
Chi-Square Applications --
Introduction --
Goodness-of-Fit Test: Equal Expected Frequencies --
Exercises --
Goodness-of-Fit Test: Unequal Expected Frequencies --
Limitations of Chi-Square --
Exercises --
Contingency Table Analysis --
Exercises --
Chapter Outline --
Pronunciation Key --
Chapter Exercises --
Exercises.com --
Dataset Exercises --
Software Commands.

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